Process for continuous contacting of fluids and solids

ABSTRACT

A continuous contacting device is disclosed wherein a fluid stream may be contacted with particulate exchange materials. The device includes a plurality of rotating chambers filled with particulate material. Fluid is supplied individually to these chambers through a plurality feed ports which are in periodic fluid communicating relation with each of the chambers. A plurality of fixed discharge ports which are likewise in periodic fluid communicating relation with each of the chambers is also provided. A process for continuously contacting fluids with the solid particulates is also disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 713,492, filedMar. 19, 1985, U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,276 which is a continuation-in-partof application Ser. No. 635,837 filed July 30, 1984, U.S. Pat. No.4,522,726.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to liquid-solid contacting apparatus and tomethods for performing physical and chemical processes by liquid-solidcontacting operations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ion exchange and similar devices, almost without exception, operate withfixed or semi-continuous beds. The standard design for a fixed-bed is avertical cylindrical tank equipped with a resin support-liquidcollection system at the bottom and a distribution system above theresin level. The distribution and collection systems are critical designfeatures since the liquid must be delivered uniformly over the totalsurface of the resin bed without downward jetting which will disturb thelevel of the bed whereas the liquid leaving the bottom layer of resinmust be collected uniformly across the bed.

Although fixed-bed systems are the most widely used, they suffer fromseveral significant disadvantages. One is that the ion exchange reactionoccurs only in the volume of resin in the exchange zone. Thus, resinabove the exchange zone is exhausted and inert whereas that below theexchange zone is not even in use. Not surprisingly therefore, the totalresin inventory in a fixed-bed column is of necessity considerablylarger than needed at any one time. Additionally, since the resin in thecolumn must be periodically cleaned and regenerated, there is aconsiderable amount of wasted down-time. Finally, since the fluid withwhich the process is carried out will have progressively decreasedconcentrations of the ion to be exchanged with the resin as it proceedsdown the column, the concentration gradient likewise decreases and thereaction becomes less efficient.

Although such fixed-bed ion exchange processes may be carried outcontinuously by connecting several fixed-bed columns in parallel, withregeneration being carried out in one column while the reaction proceedsin one or more addition columns, such systems have not proven themselvescompletely satisfactory. More specifically, a group of fixed-bed columnsstill suffer from many of the disadvantages inherent in a single fixedcolumn such as the limited volume of the actual exchange zone and thepresence of a much larger amount of resin than is actually required atany one time. Additionally, even through the problem of diminishedconcentration gradient could be alleviated to some extent by arrangingtwo or more fixed-bed columns in series, with fresh ion exchange fluidbeing fed into each of those columns there is nonetheless still agreatly diminished reaction driving force within each individual columndue to the aforementioned necessity of including far greater amounts ofresin in the column than are needed at any given time.

Another significant disadvantage of conventional fixed-bed resinexchange systems is the difficulty of adapting such systems to morecomplicated ion exchange processes. More specifically, the addition of asingle column to an existing group of exchange column requires theinstallation of relatively complex valving arrangements which canperform the proper mixing of feed materials which might consist of freshmaterials from outside the system, the effluent from one or more of thecolumns already in the system, a mixture of fresh and recycled materialsor even no feed at all. Likewise, valves must be provided at thedischarge end of the column which are capable of purging the columneffluent from the system, recycling it directly to one or more of theother columns, mixing it with one or more other feed or recycled streamsfor entry into another column, or a combination of any of the aboveoperations. One skilled in the art will quickly come to the realizationthat a system comprised of ten columns, each of which has a specificfeed and discharge relationship with respect to the remaining columns,will require an extremely intricate system of valves. It will also beappreciated that even a relatively minor change in any of the operatingconditions in the sample 10 column process might require a significantmanipulation of the valving arrangement.

Continuous (or in fact semi-continuous) contactors have been developedwhich solve some of the above-identified problems. In such systems, theresin and the solution pass countercurrent to one another and steadystate zones can be set up as required for exhaustion, regeneration andthe required intermediate rinses. The volume of resin can thereby bereduced to the sum of the working volumes plus the interconnecting resintransfer system. Even with this improved approach, however, the flowsmust periodically be interrupted, so truly continuous feed and dischargeis not obtained, i.e., a true steady-state profile is not achieved.

Continuous contactors generally take the form of either pulsed columnsor fluidized beds. In pulsed columns, resin is moved up or down throughthe contacting zones by periodic application of pressure or a vacuum.Solutions flow through the resins between pulses. In fluidized bedsystems, the exchanges take place with non-compacted resin. The resinmay fall down through a baffled column against the upflow stream or theexchange may take place in stirred compartments or troughs where theresin is forwarded mechanically against the flow of solution.

Continuous contactors offer many advantages over the fixed-bed type, oneof the more significant of which is the more efficient utilization ofresin. Additionally, far greater volumes of very concentrated solutionscan be treated in continuous contactors than would be possible using afixed-bed reactor. The necessity of maintaining a uniform distributionof fixed solutions into and collection of product solutions fromcontinuous contactors is one potential major drawback of such systems.Mechanical breakage of resins as well as the need for a large number ofmechanical valves are often problems when pulsed bed system areemployed.

Although more efficient utilization of resin can be achieved throughcontinuous contacting systems, a substantial degree of inefficiencynonetheless exists. More specifically, since the increments in thepulsed bed, for example, are necessarily of a finite volume, thereaction equilibrium existing in any one of those increments will notalways be very favorable. Such a loss in chemical efficiency is due inpart to the partial reclassification of resin which occurs during eachpulse. Of course, it would be impractical to make the increments toosmall.

SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

In view of the foregoing limitations and shortcomings of prior artprocesses and apparatus, as well as other disadvantages not specificallymentioned above, it should be apparent that there still exists a need inthe art for a continuous contacting device which achieves a high degreeof chemical reaction efficiency in a minimum amount of substrate.

It is therefore a primary object of this invention to fulfill that needby providing a process and apparatus for continuous contacting whichsimulates moving resin systems by directing stationary feed streams intoa series of rotating reactors.

Another object of this invention is to provide liquid-solid contactingmethod and apparatus which is capable of substantially continuousoperation and allows for the uninterrupted flows of all feed, drain,regeneration and washing streams without the need for complicatedvalving arrangements.

It is a further object of this invention to provide liquid-solidcontacting method and apparatus which can be readily adapted toperforming a variety of processes without extensive disassembly of theapparatus.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a liquid-solidcontacting method and apparatus wherein exposure of the solution tofresh resin is maximized and exposure to spent resin is minimized.

Another object of this invention is to provide a liquid solid contactingmethod and apparatus wherein fresh liquid for interaction with thecolumn substrate may be introduced in an interstage fashion.

A further object of this invention is to provide an ion exchange oradsorption system wherein the discharge transfer reaction is maximized.

These objects are accomplished in accordance with a preferred embodimentof the invention by liquid-solid contact apparatus that includes aplurality of containers mounted for rotation about a central axis. Thecontainers are adapted to receive solid particulate material, such as anion exchange resin. Liquid is supplied individually to the top of thesecontainers through conduits connected with a valve assembly above thecontainers. Similarly, conduits connect the lower end of eachcompartment with a similar valve assembly below the containers. Thevalve assemblies include movable plates with slots that cover anduncover inlet ports as the plate rotates with the carousel. By varyingthe size of the slots in the plate and the location of the slots, theflow from the supply conduits into the container and flow from thecontainer to the exhaust conduits can be controlled in a predeterminedmanner. The time during which liquid flows into and out of thecontainers is a function of the speed of rotation of the containersabout the central axis.

The method of effecting continuous treatment of plural liquid streams issimilarly characterized by process steps comprising the introduction offluid streams into and out of the individual containers in predeterminedfashion made possible by the rotation of the body. Accordingly, pluralstreams may be treated and individual process steps may be accomplishedcontinuously.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described inthe accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the liquid-solidcontact apparatus;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a modified apparatus designed to carry outa hypothetical process;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view, partially in cross-section, of athird embodiment of the apparatus of this invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side elevational view partially in cross-sectionof the apparatus of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the apparatus in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged elevational view, partially in cross-section, ofthe inlet valve assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 along the line 8--8 inFIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a top view of the valve assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 4along the line 9--9 in FIG. 7.

All drawings are shown for illustrative purposes only and it will beappreciated that a wide number of various configurations ormodifications to this basic concept are possible and are within thegeneral scope of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This invention is described in accordance with three preferredembodimetns, namely the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and theapparatus shown in FIGS. 4-9. A typical process in which the apparatusof the present invention may be employed is described utilizing theschematic illustration in FIG. 3.

The first embodiment of this invention is referred to herein generallyas an advanced separation device, although it has broader applications.Nevertheless, for simplicity, this preferred embodiment is referred toas the advanced separation device, and is generally indicated at 10 inthe perspective view of FIG. 1.

The advanced separation device 10, or at least portions thereof, arecaused to rotate in the direction of arrow A by drive motor 12 andreducer 14. Motor 12 is connected to reducer 14 by shaft 16, and driveoutput shaft 18 extends from reducer 14. Also as shown in therepresentation of FIG. 1, drive output shaft 18 is connected to maindrive shaft 20 by coupling means 22. It is, however, to be understoodthat other means may be utilized for causing rotation of device 10. Forexample, and not by way of limitation, one might choose to utilizecircumferential drives or gear-type drives rather than the shaft-typedrive illustrated in this embodiment. The scope of this invention is notto be limited by any specific construction for the drive means. Further,the direction of rotation can be either clockwise or counter-clockwisedepending on specific operating requirements.

Still with reference to the view of FIG. 1, it can be seen that theadvanced separation device of this invention comprises a feed box 24having an upper timing crown 26 fixed to the downstream side thereof. Anupper distribution crown 28 is movably disposed in juxtapositiondownstream of the upper timing crown 26, and is fixed to the top of adistribution box 30.

Disposed downstream of distribution box 30 is separator body 32, andseparator body 32 is in fluid communicating relation with distributionbox 30 by virtue of the plurality of upper conduits 34. Downstream ofseparator body 32 are a plurality of lower conduits 36 which connectseparator body 32 in fluid communicating relation to collection box 38.A lower distribution crown 40 is fixed to the downstream side ofcollection box 38 and is movably disposed in juxtaposition to lowertiming crown 42. Fixedly attached to the downstream side of lower timingcrown 42 is discharge box 44.

It can also be seen that a plurality of clamps 46 are utilized tomaintain to relative positions of upper timing crown 26 to upperdistribution crown 28 and of lower distribution crown 40 to lower timingcrown 42. It is to be understood that other mechanical equivalents forclamps 46 might be utilized such as a solid collar arrangement, and thescope of this invention is not to be limited in this regard. All that isnecessary is that clamp means 46, or their mechanical equivalents,maintain the relative position of the juxtaposed structural elementswhile permitting rotation of the upper distribution crown 28 and thelower distribution crown 40 as well as all structural elementsinterposed therebetween with respect to the remainder of device 10. Ithas also been found to be desirable to provide the abutting surfaces ofupper timing crown 26 and upper distribution crown 28 as well as thosecorresponding surfaces of lower distribution crown 40 and lower timingcrow 42 with means to reduce friction and wear therebetween. Forexample, these abutting surfaces may be coated with a polymer compound,such as polypropylene or may be provided with friction-reducing wearseals. Further, one of the plates may be constructed entirely of apolymer material while the other plate in contact with said polymerplate is constructed of a hard material, such as stainless steel orother metallic material. Of course, inasmuch as upper distribution crown28, lower distribution crown 40, and all structural elementstherebetween rotate, those elements are disposed in driven relation tomain drive shaft 20 by appropriate mechanical means which are within theknowledge of a person skilled in the art. Similarly, since feed box 24,upper timing crown 26, lower timing crown 42 and discharge box 44 arestationary, they are not connected in driven relation to main driveshaft 20. Just as obviously, a support structure or frame for theadvanced separation device 10 would be required, but is not illustratedfor the reason that the support structure, per se, does not fall withinthe scope of this invention.

Finally, with particular regard to the view of FIG. 1, a plurality ofinlet conduits 48 are provided at the top of feed box 24 for the purposeof introducing fluid streams into device 10 for treatment, and acorresponding plurality of outlet conduits 50 are provided at the bottomof discharge box 44 for removing treated fluid strems. While device 10is illustrated as comprising four inlet conduits 48 and four outletconduits 50, as will be set forth in greater detail below, the scope ofthis invention is not to be limited to precisely four inlet streams andfour outlet streams, and indeed it will be apparent that a large numberof inlet streams, discharge streams and the like can be incorporatedinto versions of this basic invention. Having thus set forth preferredgeneral construction for the advanced separation device 10, attention isnow invited to the exploded view of FIG. 2 for a further detaileddescription of the individual structural elements.

Feed box 24 is of generally cylindrical configuration the interior ofwhich defines four feed box sections 52, 54, 56 and 58. These feed boxsections 52-58 are each defined by the walls of feed box 24 and feed boxpartitions 60. An inlet nipple 62 is in fluid communicating relation toeach of the feed box sections, and the bottom of each feed box sectionis open. The inlet conduits 48 shown in the view of FIG. 1 areconnected, respectively, to a corresponding one of the inlet nipples 62.

Fixed to the bottom of feed box 24 is upper timing crown 26. As clearlyseen in the vie of FIG. 2, upper timing crown 26 comprises a pluralityof feed slots 64, 66, 68 and 70 formed therethrough in correspondingfluid communicating relation to feed box sections 52, 54, 56 and 58,respectively.

Movably disposed downstream of the upper timing crown 26 is upperdistribution crown 28. As depicted in this preferred embodiment, upperdistribution crown 28 comprises a plurality of upper distribution slots72 formed therethrough. Because upper distribution crown 28 is fixed tomain drive shaft 20 for rotation, it can be seen that at least one ofthe upper distribution slots 72 will be disposable into fluidcommunicating relation with at least one of the feed slots 64, 66, 68and 70. The distribution box 30 is fixed to the downstream side of upperdistribution crown 28 and defines a plurality of distributioncompartments 74 each one of which is in fluid communicating relation toa corresponding upper distribution slots 72. In a fashion similar tothat for the construction of feed box 24, the distribution compartments74 are defined by distribution box partitions 76. Extending from thedownstream side of distribution box 30, and in fluid communicatingrelation with each of the distribution compartments 74 is an outletnipple 78. Again it is to be understood that other convenient methodscan be utilized to collect fluid from the distribution slots, 72, anddirect it to the next portion of the device.

The separator body 32 is also of generally cylindrical configuration anddefines a plurality of working compartments 80, each one of whichcorresponds to one of the distribution compartments 74. The workingcompartments 80 are defined, in part, by separator body partitions 82. Aplurality of receiving nipples 84 are provided at the top of separatorbody 32 such that each one of the receiving nipples 84 is in fluidcommunicating relation to a corresponding one of the workingcompartments 80. Corresponding discharge nipples 86 are provided at thebottom of separator body 32. At this point it should be noted that upperconduits 34 are operatively disposed between corresponding pairs ofreceiving nipples 84 and outlet nipples 78 so as to permit the transferof fluid from distribution box 30 to separator body 32. While theseparator body 32 is shown as a cylindrical vessel containing a numberof partitions 82, it is to be understood that individual cylindricaltubes can be used in place of each partitioned section or thatindividual, formed chambers, of a general triangular shape, can be usedin the separator zone.

Disposed downstream of separator body 32 is the collection box 38, theconstruction of which is a substantial mirror image of distribution box30. Accordingly, collection box 38 defines a plurality of collectioncompartments 88 therein, each one of which is at least partially definedby collection box partitions 90. A plurality of collection nipples 92are provided at the top of collection box 38 such that each one of thenipples 92 is in fluid communicating relation to a corresponding one ofthe collection compartments 88. Referring to the view of FIG. 1,discharge nipples 86 are connected in fluid communicating relation to acorresponding one of the collection nipples 92 by lower conduits 36.

Just as the collection box 38 is a substantial mirror image of thedistribution box 30, so are the lower distribution crown 40, the lowertiming crown 42 and the discharge box 44 substantial mirror images ofthe upper distribution crown 28, the upper timing crown 26 and the feedbox 24, respectively. The lower distribution crown 40 is fixed to thedownstream end of collection box 38 and comprises a plurality of lowerdistribution slots 94 formed therethrough, each one of said plurality oflower distribution slots 94 being in fluid communicating relation to acorresponding one of the collection compartments 88. The lower timingcrown 42 similarly comprises lower discharge slots 96, 98, 100 and 102formed therethrough whereby at least one of said discharge slots 96, 98,100 and 102 is disposable into fluid communicating relation with atleast one of said lower distribution slots 94.

The discharge box 44 is fixed to the downstream side of lower timingcrown 42 and is defined by a plurality of discharge sections 104, 106,108 and 110 defined by the walls of discharge box 44 and discharge boxpartitions 112. Finally, each of the discharge sections 104, 106, 108and 110 is provided with a discharge nipple 114 from which treated fluidmay be withdrawn as through outlet conduits 50 shown in the view of FIG.1.

Sealing arrangements between the upper timing crown 26 and the upperdistribution crown 28 as well as between the lower distribution crown 40and the lower timing crown 42 may consist of O rings and/or strips ofcarbon, polypropylene or other such material, depending upon the natureof the fluids being processed. Working compartments 80 of the separatorbody 32 are filled with ion exchange resin, or other suitable media toeffect the desired separation or filtration. Porous plate, filter clothor screen would normally be placed in the top and bottom of each workingcompartments 80 to prevent overflow of the separator media. Othermaterial such as, for example, glass beads may be used as furthersupport for the resin.

The effect of the rotation of those elements of the device 10 defined ateach end by upper distribution crown 28 and lower distribution crown 40is to distribute the input solutions, slurries or gases, in turn, to thevarious working compartments 80 of separator body 32. The rotationalspeed of device 10 will be determined by the nature of the processfluids, the separation media contained within separator body 32, and thepressure drop through the device. The use of higher levels ofpressurization will speed fluid flow and permit device 10 to be rotatedat an increased speed relative to low or ambient pressurization. It iscontemplated that the advanced separation device 10 will normally rotatein the range of 1 to 30 rotations per hour; however, wider ranges ofrotational speed are possible depending upon process conditions. Thus,it can clearly be seen that the advanced separation device 10 of thisinvention provides a truly continuous separation operation since allprocess fluids, as well as purging fluids, may be fed and extractedcontinuously.

The apparatus of FIG. 1 permits a variety of processes to be performedby varying the external connections between the inlet conduits 48 andthe outlet conduits 50, and by providing the appropriate upper timingcrown 26 and upper distribution crown 28 and lower distribution crown 40and lower timing crown 42. As indicated above, the number ofcompartments in the body 32 can be increased or decreased according tothe particular process requirements. In FIG. 3, a hypothetical processsystem concept is presented in order to explain the novel concept ofthis invention. The apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 includes ten fixedfeed ports, and fourteen ion exchange containing compartments. Whenvisualizing the ASD system concept, it is helpful to ignore individualcompartments which rotate and view of the separator body as an infinitesource of ion exchange resin. From a process standpoint the analysis isbased on the fixed feed and discharge ports. By focusing attention onthe fixed ports, and recognizing that the moving resin chambers providethis infinite source of new adsorbant, conceptualization of the processis simplified.

Referring to FIG. 3, a feed solution I which contains compound "A" isfed to the feed box at position "3T" (top). For this example theobjective is to remove "A" from the feed solution and replace it with"B".

The feed solution passes through the feed box and into the distributionbox via the timing and distribution crown interface (26 & 28). Solutionpasses through resin in the separator body, which is receiving fluidfrom feed point "3T". An exchange of compound "A" for compound "B" whichwas previously loaded on the resin occurs. In order to simply illustratethe versatility of the process, a counter-current approach is utilized.Solutions leaving this contacting stage exit through port 3B (bottom) asstream number 2. In order to maximize the driving force in such systemsa counter-current approach can be utilized. Stream 2 can be fed forwardto position "4T" where it would contact incoming fresh, or regeneratedresin. It should be apparent that such a contacting approach can beutilized to enhance any thermodynamic advantages which ion exchange mayoffer over other processes.

Solution passes from position "4T" through the separator body and exitsas treated solution, stream 3, from position "4B". This treated solutionnow contains compound "B" and very little compound "A", which is not onthe resin.

In typical systems, feed solution would be conserved by means of a waterwash. Stream 4 can be utilized to "push out" any residual feed solution,which is entrained in the resin as it rotates under the feed box system.The wash water can typically be added to the counter-current stream via5 or the wash water could be treated separately.

As the separator body continues to rotate and the resin chamber inquestion is under position "1", wash water is allowed to drain and isreturned to the wash water system (stream 6).

The separator body continues to rotate and a given mass of resin entersthe regeneration system. Here it is contacted with regeneration fluid,stream 7, which contains compounds "B". This compound will be utilizedto replace compound "A" on the resin, thus completing the ion exchangeprocess. Stream 7 enters through position "8T" and passes in acounter-current fashion through the spent resin. The three shapes ofcountercurrent contacting, shown for illustrative purposes only,indicate the high level of versatility achievable with the ASD system.Again, a washing stream (stream 10) is utilized to recover anyregeneration fluid.

In this example, the discharge from the primary regeneration fluid feedsection, stream 8, along with drainage and wash water, streams 9 & 11,are combined and fed forward, in a counter-current fashion, as stream 12which enters position "9T". Fluid from this contacting step exiting port9B is again fed forward to position "10T" as stream 13. This finalcontact ensures maximum driving force so that the spent regenerationfluid, stream 14, contains very little compound "B".

Since the separator body is composed of discreet chambers of ionexchange resin, and since all flows are truly continuous, substantiallyall of the resin is executing some process function at all times, i.e.,there is very little "unused" resin. The resin is either being washed,regenerated, loaded, drained, etc. Hence, total resin requirements foran ASD system are substantially less than those required for equivalentpulse bed or fixed bed circuits.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that theabove-described process concept shown is presented for illustrativepurposes only. Extremely complex process arrangements can be envisionedwith the ASD system and accomplished in a very straight forward manner.A significant aspect of the ASD type process approach is therefore thatthe degree of complexity of the system is no longer a restraining factorrelative to an ion exchange process. Since the basic process operationis continuous, increasing process complexity is merely a matter ofadding pumps and some additional piping.

This is radically different than the approach which would be taken withfixed or pulse bed systems. In these systems, as the process becomesmore complex the equipment system increases in complexity as well andindeed, the increase in equipment complexity is not linear. Thus, inconventional fixed or pulse bed systems doubling the process complexitywill more than double the actual equipment system complexity. Such isnot the case with the ASD circuit.

A second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 4-9. Asshown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the apparatus includes a rectangular frame144 which supports a vertical drive shaft 146. A carousel 148 is mountedfor rotation on the drive shaft. The carousel is fixed to the shaft andthe shaft is driven by a motor 150 mounted on the frame 144. A pluralityof cylindrical containers 152 are mounted vertically on the carousel148. As shown in FIG. 6, the containers are arranged in staggeredrelation around the circumference of the carousel, and in thisembodiment, there are thirty containers. It should be noted that, inaddition to cylindrical chambers, other geometric shapes, e.g.,triangular, trapezoidal, etc. can be used to hold the sorbent, dependingon size considerations, etc. Each of the containers is filed with resinor other suitable solid material according to the particular processbeing performed. As shown at the left side of FIG. 5 in cross-section,the solid material 154 is filled to about one-half the height of thecontainer. An arrangement is provided on each container for insertingand removing the solid material through the top of the container. Pipefittings 156 and 158 are provided on the top and bottom, respectively,of each container 152. An upper valve body 160 and a lower valve body162 are mounted over the drive shaft 146. Individual conduits 164 and166 connect the valve bodies 160 and 162 with the respective upper andlower pipe fittings 156 and 158. Supply conduits 168 are mounted in thetop of the frame 144 and extend upwardly from the valve body 160.Similarly, discharge conduits 170 extend downwardly from the lower valvebody 162 to the frame 144.

As shown in FIG. 4, the conduits 168 and 170 are interconnected in aconventional manner to provide the desired sequence of flow. Pumpsindicated at 171 in FIG. 4 are provided. These pumps correspond to thepumps 125 shown in FIG. 3. The solution to be treated, designatedsolution A is supplied from a source shown schematically in FIG. 4 andthe solution for regenerating the treatment material, designatedsolution B is supplied from a source shown schematically in FIG. 4.Suitable control valves, not shown, may be provided as necessary.

Referring to FIG. 7, the upper valve body 160 includes a stationary head172 which is in the form of a flat ring that is concentric with theshaft 146. The head 172 is supported on mounting brackets 174 thatextend downwardly from the frame 144 and by a bearing 176 that engagesthe shaft 146. Pipe fittings 177 are mounted at equally spaced locationsaround the circumference of the head 172. A removable wear plate 178corresponding to the upper timing crown 26 of FIG. 2 and preferably,formed of an appropriate plastic material, such as polypropylene, issecured below the stationary head 172. As shown in FIG. 8, the wearplate has openings 199 which are aligned with the pipe fittings 177 inthe stationary head 172. An inner retainer flange 180 and an outerretainer flange 182 are secured to the stationary head by bolts 184.

A rotary head 186, corresponding to the upper distribution box 28 ofFIG. 2, is supported between the retainer rings 182 by roller bearings188. The rotary head includes a pipe fitting 190 to which is secured aconduit 164 which conveys liquid to one of the container 152. Rotationis imparted to the rotary head 186 by means of a drive pin 192 whichconnects the rotary head with a drive plate 194 that is secured on thedrive shaft 146 and turns with the shaft. Interposed between the rotaryhead 186 and the plate 178 is a valve seal plate 196. The plate 196 issecured to the rotary head 186 so that it turns with the head. The valveplate 196 is provided with openings 198 which are arranged in a patternas required to supply liquid from the stationary supply conduit 168 tothe containers 152 through the valve plate according to the particularprocess being performed.

A typical pattern for the wear plate 178 and the valve seal plate 196are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 8 and 9. It will be appreciatedthat the wear plate 17, which remains stationary during the process, hastwenty identical openings or windows 198 each of which corresponds toone of the fixed supply conduits 168 shown in FIG. 6. Of course, agreater or lesser number of windows may be provided depending on theparticular requirements of the process being carried out. It is alsopossible that there would be no fluid supplied to one or more of thewindows 198 when it is desired that the resin-filled chambers be allowedto drain during part of the cycle.

The rotating valve seal plate 196 illustrated at FIG. 9 is provided withthirty slots 190, each of which corresponds to a particular resin-filledchamber 152. Since there are only twenty windows 198 through which feedmaterials may be supplied, it is obvious that fluid flow through eachwindow will be uninterrupted, i.e. there will always be the equivalentof 1 or more slots (hence chambers) under the window at any given time.Additionally, as is evident from the relative configurations of theslots 190 and the windows 198, each slot will be in fluid communicatingrelation with the windows for two time increments followed by one timeincrement in which it is out of fluid communication relation. Thispattern repeats throughout the operation of the ASD device so long asthe rotational speed of the valve seal plate 196 remains constant.

Of course, there need not be so many chambers out of fluid communicatingrelation with the supply conduits at any one time. Thus, in the A/B ionexchange process previously described and illustrated at FIG. 3, ten ofthe fourteen resin filled chambers 32 are active at any one time sinceten feed boxes 1T-10T are provided.

It is further obvious that the relative size of the windows does nothave to be constant and the individual windows can vary in sizedepending on the process requirements. Size and number of windows, slotsand chambers will, of course, depend on the specific process.Additionally, the rate of fluid flow to each of the windows may bevaried. Such simulates columns to varying diameters.

To prevent leakage of liquid between the stationary head 172 and thewear plate, a suitable gasket material is provided. Similarly, a gasketis provided between the retainer flanges 180, 182 and the stationarywear plate 178. A suitable sealing arrangement may also be providedbetween the rotary valve plate 196 and the wear plate 178. In additionto conventional seals, or instead of conventional seals, vacuum ports200 are provided in the stationary head 172. These ports communicatewith a source of vacuum 202 (FIG. 4), to draw off any liquid that maytend to leak into the joint between the rotary valve plate and thestationary wear plate.

The lower distribution valve assembly 162 has the same structure as theupper valve assembly 160, as described above, except that the lowervalve assembly 162 is turned upside down from that illustrated in FIG.6, and has the stationary head located below the rotary head. In allother respects, the lower valve assembly has the same structure as thevalve assembly shown in FIG. 6. Typically, however, the relative angularposition of the bottom valve assembly will be slightly off-set from theupper assembly to account for the rotation of the resin chambers, andthe slight hold-up of liquid in said chambers.

In operation, the apparatus of FIGS. 4-8 has the respective supply pips168 connected with appropriate sources of wash solutions and reagentsolutions according to the particular process to be performed. Thedischarge conduits 170 are similarly connected with drains or recyclepaths according to the requirements of the process. The motor 150 isactuated to cause the carousel 148 to rotate.

Although only preferred embodiments are specifically illustrated anddescribed herein, it will be appreciated that many modifications andvariations of the present invention are possible in light of the aboveteachings and within the purview of the appended claims withoutdeparting from the spirit and intended scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for continuously contacting fluids with solid particular material comprising the steps of:(a) placing solid particular material into a plurality of chambers; (b) continuously advancing said plurality of chambers simultaneously along a continuous path at a uniform rate, said chambers having individual inlet ports and outlet ports; (c) positioning stationary supply ports to cooperate with said inlet ports and positioning stationary discharge ports to cooperate with said outlet ports; (d) supplying a treatment fluid to each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the fluid being conducted individually to the chambers through a supply port and an inlet port; (e) collecting the treatment fluid from each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the fluid being conducted individually from the chambers through an outlet port and a discharge port; (f) supplying a regenerating fluid to each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the fluid being conducted individually to the chambers through a supply port and an inlet port; (g) collecting the regenerating fluid from each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the fluid being conducted individually from the chambers through an outlet port and a discharge port; and (h) conducting treatment fluid from the discharge port of one chamber to the supply port of the next preceding chamber, said fluid being conducted through said inlet port and said chamber and said outlet port to said discharge port.
 2. The process of claim 1 wherein a wash fluid is supplied to said chambers in sequence between said regenerating fluid collecting step and said treatment fluid supplying step.
 3. The process of claim 1 wherein said particular material is ion exchange resin.
 4. The process of claim 1 wherein said path is circular.
 5. The process of claim 1 wherein at least two of said fluids are supplied to separate ones of said chambers at different rates with respect to each other.
 6. A process for continuously contacting liquids with solid particular material comprising the steps of:(a) mounting a plurality of chambers on a common support and rotating the support about a vertical central axis at a uniform rate; (b) placing solid particular material in said chambers, said chambers having individual inlet ports and outlet ports; (c) positioning stationary supply ports to cooperate with said inlet ports and positioning stationary discharge ports to cooperate with said outlet ports; (d) supplying a treatment liquid to each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the liquid being conducted individually to the chambers through a supply port and an inlet port; (e) collecting the treatment liquid from each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the liquid being conducted individually from the chambers through an outlet port and a discharge port; (f) supplying a regenerating liquid to each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the liquid being conducted individually to the chambers through a supply port and an inlet port; (g) collecting the regenerating liquid from each chamber in sequence while the chamber advances along said path, the liquid being conducted individually from the chambers through an outlet port and a discharge port; (h) conducting treatment liquid from the discharge port of one chamber to the support port of the next preceding chamber, said liquid being conducted through said inlet port and said chamber and said outlet port to said discharge port.
 7. The process according to claim 6 wherein said liquids flow by gravity through said chambers.
 8. The process according to claim 6 wherein said particulate material is ion exchange resin.
 9. The process according to claim 6 including supplying a wash liquid to said chambers in sequence between said regenerating liquid collecting step and said treatment liquid supplying step. 